(SPECIAL REPORT) – Noong kasagsagan ng kampanya, sinabi ni Vice President Sara Duterte-Carpio na nais niyang magkaroon ng mandatory military service kapag umabot na sa edad na 18 sa buong bansa. Posible nga ba itong maipatupad? Ano-ano ang mga magiging hamon sa implementasyon nito?
By Christoph Doncillo
(July 3, 2022) – Nanumpa na bilang ika-15 bise presidente ng Pilipinas si Sara Duterte-Carpio sa San Pedro Square sa hometown ng kanyang pamilya na Davao City. Pero bukod sa kanyang tungkulin sa Office of the Vice President (OVP), nakatakda rin siyang magsilbi bilang kalihim ng Department of Education (DepEd).
Hindi detalyado ang mga plataporma ni Duterte-Carpio noong kampanya. Nakasentro lamang sa pagkakaisa ang isinusulong nilang mensahe ng kanyang running mate na si President Bongbong Marcos Jr. Pahapyaw ring inihayag ni Duterte-Carpio ang planong ipagpatuloy ang mga programa ng amang si dating Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte.
Pero ibinahagi ni Duterte-Carpio ang plano niyang gamitin ang OVP upang hikayatin ang Kongreso na gawing mandatory ang military service sa lahat ng nasa edad 18. Nais ni Duterte-Carpio na maibalik ang disiplina at pagiging makabayan sa mga kabataan.
“Nakikita natin ito sa ibang bansa, sa South Korea, sa Israel,” ani Duterte-Carpio. “Dapat lahat ng ating 18 years old, pagtungtong mo ng 18 years old, you will be given a subsidy, you will be asked to serve our country doon sa ating Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).”
Matatandaan ding ibinahagi ni Marcos na ang gustong ahensya na nais pamunuan ni Duterte-carpio ay ang Department of National Defense (DND).
Kasaysayan ng military service ng mga estudyante sa Pilipinas
Taong 1762 nang unang bigyan ng military training ang mga estudyante ng University of Santo Tomas para lumaban sa mga digmaan. Taong 1912 naman nang magtatag ang University of the Philippines ng military science training.
Taong 1922 nang magkaroon na ng iba’t ibang units ng Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) ang iba’t ibang pamantasan. Ginawa itong mandatory ni dating Pangulong Manuel Quezon noong 1935 sa pamamagitan ng isang executive order.
Natigil ito nang ilang taon bago muling ibinalik ni dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos Sr. noong 1967. Naging opsiyonal na lamang ang ROTC noong 2001 nang maisabatas ang National Service Training Program Act of 2001. Kasunod ito ng pagkamatay ng miyembro ng ROTC unit ng University of Santo Tomas na si Mark Welson Chua na nagsiwalat ng umano’y korapsyon sa loob nito.
Sa mga nakaraang taon, may ilang nagbalak na gawing mandatory ulit ang ROTC, kabilang na si dating Pangulong Duterte. Ngunit inamin niya kamakailan na tinatakasan niya ang ROTC nung siya’y estudyante pa.
Paglilinaw sa panukala
Nilinaw ni Duterte-Carpio na naiiba sa ROTC ang kanyang ipinapanukala. Giit niya, ang isinusulong niya ay hindi lamang isang asignatura o unit sa paaralan, o isang programang tinatapos lang sa loob ng linggo o buwan.
Mariin na pinabulaanan ng kampo niya ang pahayag ni Atty. Bruce Rivera, isang malapit na kaibigan ni Duterte-Carpio, na una sa prayoridad ng bagong kalihim ng DepEd ang pagbabalik ng mandatory ROTC.
Hindi raw nagkaroon ng anumang diskusyon sina Duterte-Carpio at Rivera tungkol sa DepEd at ROTC. Mga personal na saloobin lamang daw ang ibinahagi ni Rivera sa mga panayam.
Sinubukang kapanayamin ng News5 si Duterte-Carpio at ang kanyang tagapagsalita tungkol sa mga detalye ng plano ng bise presidente, pero iginiit nilang hinihintay pa nilang matapos ang transisyon ng mga opisyal.
“All policy discussions will be released subsequent to completion of transition process,” ayon sa mensahe ni tourism secretary Christina Frasco, ang noo’y tagapagsalita ni Duterte.
Pero matapos ang kanyang panunumpa, taliwas sa sinabi ng kanyang kampo, hayagang sinabi ni Duterte-Carpio na umaasa siyang magiging bahagi ng priority measures ng Kongreso ang pagsasabatas ng mandatory ROTC.
“Executive and legislative agenda will be decided between the president and Congress. So I hope that (mandatory ROTC) will be included since marami namang pending bills diyan sa Congress with regard to that. Iba-iba ang pangalan, iba-iba ang titles. So sana masali siya,” aniya sa isang ambush interview.
Mga suporta at batikos sa panukala
Kahit wala pa masyadong detalye sa panukala ng bagong bise presidente, marami na ang nagpahayag ng pagkondena rito.
Naniniwala ang youth group na Kabataan na may mas mahahalagang problema na dapat pagtuunan ng pansin ng gobyerno.
“Mandatory military service daw, sabi ng anak. Bakit, hindi pa ba dumarami ang pumapasok sa AFP kahit dinoble na ng ama ang sahod? Hindi pa ba kinakagat ng taumbayan ang propaganda ng NTF-ELCAC (National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict) na walang abusong nangyayari sa AFP?” ayon kay Kabataan Party-list representative Raoul Manuel.
Mas mainam din ayon kay Manuel na pag-aralan muna ang pagpapatupad sa NSTP (National Service Training Program) Law bago magpatupad ng mga reporma. Maaari rin aniyang ibalik ang pagtuturo ng kasaysayan ng bansa sa high school at suportahan ang mga organisasyon ng mga kabataan upang mapalakas ang diwang makabayan ng mga estudyante at matulungan silang matutunan ang paglilingkod sa bayan.
Tila nalalayo naman ang panukala ni Duterte-Carpio sa pangunahing pangangailangan ng kabataan tulad ng edukasyon at disenteng trabaho, ayon sa Save Our Schools Network.
“The issue of discipline cannot be answered by submitting our youth to a militarist training that is known to abuse and murder its own cadets through hazing and is known for human rights abuses which we have experienced,” pahayag ng grupo.
Pero suportado ni dating DND secretary Delfin Lorenzana ang panukala dahil sa ilang benepisyong hatid nito.
“First, the military will have a ready and steady trained pool of reservists to defend the country and do HADR (humanitarian disaster and assistance relief) work. Second, the training and discipline that they will acquire will make them better citizens. Third, service to the country will be inculcated in them,” ani Lorenzana.
Gayunpaman, tanggap ni Lorenzana ang mga hadlang sa pag-implementa nito, kabilang na ang pagkukunan ng pondo at ang kasalukuyang katayuan ng bansa na hindi naman nakikipagdigmaan.
Kaya naman nakikita ni Lorenzana na mas magandang alternatibo ang mandatory ROTC kaysa sa ipinapanukala ni Duterte-Carpio na mandatory military service.
“We feel that the product of the ROTC program is more than sufficient to meet our requirements for warm bodies in case of conflict and in times of calamities and disasters,” ayon kay Lorenzana.
Pero giit ng Kabataan, delikado rin sakaling bumalik ang mandatory ROTC.
“Kahit sa ROTC may mga ulat tayong natatanggap ng pananakit sa mas nakabababa. Malinaw na ‘di ito nagkataon at may kultura ng karahasan at bulag na pagsunod na nanonoot sa ating armed forces na tumatagos sa kanilang training. Huwag nang ipilit sa lahat kung maaaring may mapahamak,” sabi ni Manuel.
‘Feasibility of it is very low’
Sa panayam ng News5, naniniwala ang policy analyst na si Michael Henry Yusingco na mababa ang posibilidad na magkaroon ng mandatory military service. Gaya ng mga ipinunto ni Lorenzana, magkakaroon ng maraming balakid kung maipapatupad ito.
“Financially and administratively, this proposal will be very difficult for the country, for the taxpayers. So I say that the viability is very low, the feasibility is very low,” ani Yusingco.
Dagdag niya, masyadong malaki ang gagastusin ng gobyerno para sa suweldo, training, equipment, at iba pang logistics sa defense sector kung magkakaroon ng mandatory military service program.
“We’re talking about millions of Filipinos being employed in the Armed Forces so that means the AFP has to assign or give assignments to these millions of Filipinos. Not all of them can be accommodated in Camp Aguinaldo or in Fort Bonifacio. Many of them will be dispersed throughout the country,” giit pa ni Yusingco.
Ipinunto rin niya na dapat may pagkakilala na “under threat” ang Pilipinas para mabigyang-katuwiran ang pagpapatupad ng panukala ni Duterte-Carpio.
Sa Article II, Section 4 ng 1987 Constitution, nakasaad na “the government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service.”
Pagdating naman sa kakulangan ng detalye sa mga plataporma ni Duterte-Carpio, naniniwala si Yusingco na nasa proseso pa ang kanyang team na buoin ang mga plano para sa DepEd.
Dagdag niya, mahirap pa sa ngayon na gumawa ng assessment sa magiging uri ng pamumuno ni Duterte-Carpio at kung magiging katulad ito sa kanyang ama dahil wala pa siyang karanasan sa paglilingkod sa national government.
“She could still surprise us and show a different kind of management style or administration style. We’ll have to wait and see,” ani Yusingco.
(PM, KM)
Our Privacy Commitment
TV5 Network Inc. values and respects your privacy. We are committed to safeguarding your personal data in compliance with Republic Act No. 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012 and its implementing rules and regulations.
We have developed a Privacy Policy that adopts and observes appropriate standards for personal data protection. While our Privacy Policy sets out the general principles governing the collection, use, and disclosure of our users’ personal information, our Privacy Commitment seeks to inform you more about TV5’s privacy practices.
Why do we collect your personal information (as applicable)?
We may collect and maintain basic information about you as site user of TV5 sites for the following purposes:
Where do we get your personal information?
There are several ways we collect your personal information.
Information that you personally provided.
Most of the personal information we have are those that you have provided us when you:
Information we collect during your engagement with us
We also collect information as you use our products and services, like:
Information we collect from other sources
Other means of collection of information may be through:
When do we disclose personal information?
There may be instances when we are required to share the information you provided us. In such cases, we ensure that your personal information will be disclosed on a confidential manner, through secure channels and in compliance with the Data Privacy Act and other privacy laws.
We will never share, rent, or sell your personal information to third parties outside of TV5 except in special cases where you have given consent, and in cases described in our privacy policy.
In some instances, we may be required to disclose your personal information to our agents, subsidiaries, affiliates, business partners and other third-party agencies and service providers as part of our regular business operations and for the provision of our programs and services. This means we might share your information with our service providers, contractors, and professional advisers who help us provide our services.
How we protect your personal information
The integrity, confidentiality, and security of your information is important to us. We have implemented technical, organizational, and physical security measures that are designed to protect your information from unauthorized or fraudulent access, alteration, disclosure, misuse, and other unlawful activities.
We also put in effect the following safeguards:
TV5 will not collect, use, or disclose your personal information for any purpose other than the purpose that you may have given your consent for.
What are your choices?
We make sure that we have your consent to continue to collect, use, and disclose your personal information for the purposes that we have identified. We want you to know that you may object or withdraw your consent and/or edit your consent preferences at any time.
If you wish to have access to the personal information in our custody or if you think that the personal information you provided is incomplete, or otherwise inaccurate, you may get in touch with our Data Protection Officer through the contact details provided below. In some instances, we may request for supporting documents or proof before we effect requested changes.
Data Protection Officer
TV5 Network Inc.
Reliance corner Sheridan Streets
Mandaluyong City
tv5dataprivacy@tv5.com.ph
What happens when there are changes in our Policy?
From time to time, we may update our privacy policy and practices to comply with changes in applicable laws and regulatory requirements, adapt to new technologies and protocols, and align with the best practices of the industry.
You will be provided notices if the changes are significant and, if we are required by law, we will obtain your updated consent.