EDITOR’S NOTE: This is the third of a series of articles which identified some of the prominent political dynasties in the country. Studies conducted by the Ateneo School of Government (ASOG) identify two types of political dynasties inherent to Philippine experience. “Thin” dynasties involve family members succeeding one another in office [sunod-sunod], often as a means to circumvent term limits and maintain political influence. In contrast, “fat” dynasties are composed of family members running for and holding multiple positions at the same time [sabay-sabay] in the legislative and executive branches of government (Mendoza, et al., 2019).
Using the data collected by the Ateneo School of Government through the Ateneo Policy Center from 1992 to 2022, and with additional historical research from News5 Digital, we compiled lists of family members for the ten vote-rich provinces in the Philippines for the 2025 elections. Through a combination of AI tools and manual review, the dominant families in the ten largest voting provinces were identified and arranged chronologically, from the oldest to the youngest members on record. While some family rosters are exhaustive, others remain incomplete due to the lack or scarcity of information confirming each member’s position and term of service.
(May 9, 2025) – Bulacan is the third vote-rich province in the Philippines with more than 2.1 million voters for the 2025 election. As one of the centers of commercial activities in Central Luzon, the province continues to be shaped by a handful of powerful political families. These families are known for delivering bloc votes from loyal constituents, making them viable allies in the local arena. Some of these families look to reclaim lost ground following stunning defeats in the 2022 elections. Others seek to tighten their grip of power through reelection or succession.
Drawing from election records spanning three decades — from 1992 to 2022 — a new dataset from the Ateneo Policy Center revealed how several surnames have dominated local politics, highlighting the entrenchment of political dynasties in provincial governance.
SY-ALVARADO FAMILY
The Sy-Alvarado family has been a prominent force in Bulacan politics for decades since the appointment of their patriarch by the post-EDSA government in 1986. Although they suffered losses during the 2022 elections, their political influence remains strong in the province.
Wilhelmino “Willy” Sy-Alvarado
GOVERNOR, VICE GOVERNOR, MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, MAYOR
Ma. Victoria Sy-Alvarado
MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, VICE MAYOR
Ma. Rosario “Charo” Sy-Alvarado
VICE MAYOR
Jose Antonio “Jonathan” Sy-Alvarado
MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MENDOZA FAMILY
The Mendoza family has had several of its members holding office over the past three decades, with roles spanning from councilors to governor. Collectively, the family’s recurring occupancy in local government underscores their sustained influence in provincial politics.
Josefina “Josie” Mendoza-Dela Cruz
COUNCILOR, VICE MAYOR, PROVINCIAL BOARD MEMBER, VICE GOVERNOR, GOVERNOR
Joselito Andrew “Jonjon” Mendoza
PROVINCIAL BOARD MEMBER, GOVERNOR, MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Josef Andrew “Anjo” Mendoza
COUNCILOR
GALVEZ FAMILY
Various members of the Galvez clan have dominated in the local government of the San Ildefonso since the 1990s. Some of them even ran against each other in past elections.
Honorato “Gener” Galvez
MAYOR
Edgardo “Sazo” Galvez
MAYOR
Carla Galvez-Tan
MAYOR
Gerald Galvez
MAYOR
Fernando “Gazo” Galvez Jr.
MAYOR
Rocky Galvez-Sarmiento
VICE MAYOR
Aron Galvez
COUNCILOR
Alexander “Zander” Galvez
COUNCILOR
CRUZ FAMILY
Numerous members of the Cruz family have taken up various local posts such as councilors in various parts of Bulacan, but a number of them have also taken up higher local executive and legislative posts in recent decades.
Ambrosio “Boy” Cruz Jr.
MAYOR, MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Agatha “Agay” Cruz
MAYOR
ESTRELLA FAMILY
The Estrellas’ longevity in Baliwag underscore a systemic blending of grassroots service with patronage networks. Their push for Baliwag’s cityhood and enduring control over local development agendas are keys to keeping the town a formidable bailiwick.
Romeo M. Estrella
MAYOR
Ferdinand “Ferdie” Viceo Estrella
COUNCILOR (EX-OFFICIO MEMBER), MAYOR
Casey Estrella Howard
PROVINCIAL BOARD MEMBER (EX-OFFICIO MEMBER)
Why Bulacan matters in 2025
Bulacan is consistently among the top five vote-rich provinces in the country, with over 2 million registered voters based on Commission on Elections data. This makes the province a strategic battleground not only in local elections but also in national races, where local dynasties often serve as political brokers to deliver critical votes to allied candidates. The province’s strategic proximity to Metro Manila and its rapid urbanization and industrialization also adds to its electoral value beyond Central Luzon. The province is described as a “gateway to progress,” with major infrastructure projects such as the North-South Commuter Railway and the Bulacan International Airport further boosting its regional influence.
Bulacan’s capital, is historically significant as the birthplace of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. This legacy contributes to the province’s image as a symbol of resilience and progress, making it an attractive venue for major political rallies and campaign launches. As the 2025 midterm elections approach, understanding the extent of the entrenchment of political dynasties in the province offers crucial context for voters, analysts, and policymakers seeking to address issues of political concentration and representation.
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